ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of ginkgolide B on the long-chain fatty acid metabolism-related enzyme protein peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors α (PPARα), long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), carnitine palmitoyl transterase-1 (CPT-1), and acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) expression in the liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). All the animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. After successfully building the rat model of non-alcoholic abnormal liver disease, the rats were divided into the model group, the simvastatin group, and the low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups of ginkgolide B according to random number method, and were given corresponding drug treatment 4 weeks. We detected liver pathological indicators and determined blood lipids, transaminase and anti-oxidation indexes. Western blot and RT-PCR assays were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of PPARα, LCAD, CPT-1, and ACOX1 in livers. The results showed that: ① the liver histopathology showed that the liver slices of the model group had obvious structural disorder, the nucleus was squeezed, and there were obvious fat vacuoles. The treatment groups improved significantly compared with the model group; ② compared with the normal group, the liver function and blood lipid indexes of the model group increased significantly, while the anti-oxidation indexes decreased significantly. Compared with the model group, each treatment groups were significantly improved; ③ compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARα, ACOX1, CPT-1, and LCAD in the model group were significantly reduced, compared with the model group, those indexes in the treatment groups were significantly up-regulated. This study found that ginkgolide B could regulate the expression of long-chain fatty acid metabolism-related proteins PPARα, ACOX1, CPT-1, and LCAD, meanwhile improve the body's antioxidant capacity, thereby reduce blood lipids, further improve liver function and protect the liver.
ABSTRACT
This study was purposed to evaluate the long-term outcome and the safety of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) treated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the therapy of patients with aplastic anemia (AA). The therapy of 49 patients admitted BG in hospital from April 2001 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. PBMNC were isolated and cultured for 48 hours in presence of IL-2 and GM-CSF. Cells were collected, and 6 × 10(6) - 1 × 10(8) PBMNC were intravenously injected weekly for 4 - 22 months. Hematopoietic recovery was evaluated by examinations of peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirates and bone marrow biopsy. Flow cytometry was used to assess the peripheral T cell subsets before and after treatment. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to observe the clonal diversity of T cell receptor variable β-chain (TCR-Vβ) recombination. The results showed that 37 cases were cured and none of them relapsed during the follow-up, 5 cases were in partial remission, 3 cases got improvement, and 4 cases showed no response. The total efficiency reached up to 91.8%. The ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) subsets were abnormal in 39 patients prior to the treatment, and 31 cases restored to the normal range after cell transfusions. Analysis on the clonal diversity of TCR-Vβ recombination in 11 patients showed the transition from monoclonal or biclonal spectratype to polyclonal one. No long-term side effects were documented. It is concluded that the treatment with PBMNC treated by IL-2 and GM-CSF is generally safe and effective. The underlying mechanisms may be in relation to the restoration of cell immunity.